Solanum nigrum is also called ‘Black Nightshade’ this plant is used in the world for the treatment of various ailments. In Ayurveda Solanum nigrum is indicated for various disorders. For the pharmacological discovery of novel drug plants, the essential information’s regarding the chemical constituents are generally provided by the qualitative phytochemical screening of plant extracts. While proteins, ascorbic acid and reducing sugar could not be detected in the extracts. Saponins were uniformly found in this case. In the present state of affairs, TLC profiling of all the plant extract in different solvent system indicated the presence of diverse type of phytochemicals in these plant. Different RF values of the compound also reflect an idea about their polarity. This information will help in selection of appropriate solvent system for further separation of compound from these plant extracts. DPPH radicals are widely used in evaluation of antioxidant activity. When DPPH radical is scavenged, the colour of the reaction mixture changes from purple to yellow with decreasing of absorbance at 517 nm. Results showed that, the scavenging activity against DPPH radicals of methanolic extracts of Solanumnigrum was found, while ascorbic acid was used as standard. All these data and concepts are in need to re-research on the present scientific tools. It can really contribute to medical and pharmaceutical practices. There are still many more activities waiting for screening the drug.
Ginger rhizome stored for seed and commercial purpose in different types of storage structure fungal rot causes considerable damage in different areas of Satara Tahasil. Mostly this method used in villages like Nagthane, Borgaon, Bharatgaon, Valase, Shendre from Satara Tahasil. The efficacy of 11 plant extract was evaluated against storage rot Fusarium solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. Extract of Lawsonia inermis, Allium sativum, Lantena camera, Datura stramonium, Azadirachta india, either alone or in combination when applied on ginger rhizome reduced the growth of rot fungus. They effectively inhibit the growth of pathogen and considerable loss is reduced. The result of present investigation suggested. That storage rot can be effectively minimized by dipping rhizome of ginger in extract of Allium sativum @ (20 % w/v) for 30 min before storage.
Keywords: Storage rot, Ginger, Plant extract.
3.
A RESEARCH WORK ON HERBAL COSMETIC PRESERVATIVES
A Elumalai, M Chinna Eswaraiah, G Prakash Yoganandam
Accidental poisoning in children is an important cause of preventable morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Because of this we want to highlight the prevalence of this prevailing condition in North-Eastern Nigeria. This retrospective study was undertaken to review the pattern of childhood accidental poisoning in this environment; Hoping that such information will be used as bases for prevention of accidental poisoning, also for early detection and treatment of cases as well as health education of the communities. The aim of this research is to study the prevalence and the pattern of accidental poisoning among children at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH). Data was retrospectively extracted from the case notes of 40 cases of accidental poisoning seen from January 2007 to December 2011. Relevant data extracted includes; age, sex, poison ingested, social class, clinical features and treatment outcome. During the five year period, 45 cases of accidental poisoning were admitted but only 40 case notes were available for analysis. There were 7409 total pediatric admissions during the period under review, giving the prevalence of accidental childhood poisoning at 0.54%. Poisoning was more common among children aged 1-5 years constituting 24 (60%) out of 40 poisoning cases studied. There were 28 males and 12 females giving M: F ratio of 2.3: 1. The majority of the children were from low socioeconomic class (82.5%). Food and kerosene poisoning accounted for 18 (45%) and 12 (30%) of all cases of poisoning respectively. Vomiting 36 (35.3%), diarrhea 16 (15.7%) and cough 14 (13.7%) dominated the clinical features. Six of the patients were in coma at the time of admission and five patients came in shock due to severe dehydration from diarrhea and vomiting. Two deaths were recorded, a six year old with suspected carbon monoxide poisoning and a two-year old that came in hypovolemic shock. Food and kerosene poisoning were the common source of accidental poisoning in Maiduguri and younger children are more vulnerable to poisoning. The provision of education, portable drinking water, improving power generation and supply, as well as, the economic status of the populace and the establishment of poison control center are paramount for government to reduce or eradicate accidental childhood poisoning.
Keywords: Accident, Poisoning, Childhood, North-Eastern Nigeria.
5.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM LINN. SEEDS
Anu S, Deepashree GH Math, Shruthi S, Vandana Singh, Shivaji Bole*, Sam Balu, Vedamurthy AB
The objective of this study is to investigate the phytochemical constituents. Phytochemical screening of seeds of Lepidium sativum linn (familyâ€Brassicaceae) in different organic solvent revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by using in-vitro antioxidant assay models like phospho-molybdenum and reducing power assay. And hydrogen peroxide assay. The percentage of antioxidant activity by phospho-molybdenum assay was in the order methanol>ethanol>acetone. The reducing power assay was maximum shown in order acetone>methanol>ethanol and hydrogen peroxide assay was found in order acetone>ethanol>methanol. The results obtained in this study showed that the seeds of lepidium sativum linn have antioxidative properties which provide a basis for the traditional use of the plant.
Keywords: Lepidium sativum linn, Reducing power assay, H2O2 scavenging.
6.
ANALYSIS OF FLOWER EXTRACT OF Michelia champaca (L.,) BY FTIR SPECTRUM
Infra red spectra of methanol extract of medicinal plant Michelia champaca Linn flowers were recorded. The vibrational assignments, intensities and wave number (cm-1) of dominant peak were obtained from absorption spectra. Probable assignments of the bands were made with respect to the components present in methanol extracts. From these analysis, functional groups such as alcohols, ketones, alkanes, amino acids, pyridines, phenols, sulfoxides , benzene and halides are present in the extract and the results indicated that the methanol extract of Michelia champaca have high therapeutic value. In future, it can be used as herbal drug for treating various diseases.
Secondary metabolites of Solanaceae plants, sharing tropane skeleton as a common structural feature, are sharply divided into two groups: tropine and ecgonine derivatives. The first group includes atropine and scopolamine (anticholinergic drugs). The second group includes one of the principal drugs of abuse, cocaine. Contemporary pharmaceutical industry manufactures over 20 active pharmaceutical substances containing tropane moiety in their structure, which are Biologically having most importance. So they are applied as mydriatics, antiemetics, antispasmodics, anticholinergics, anesthetics , bronchodilators, antiasthamatic, antinociceptives, hypoglycemics, antiparkinsons, antialzhemerics etc.
The environmental quality is greatly focused on water because of its importance in maintaining the human health and stability of the ecosystem. Many parts of the world are facing water scarcity problem due to limitation of water resources coincided with increasing population. Rivers are vital freshwater systems that are critical for the sustenance of life. In the present study, river water samples were collected in the period between February – July 2009 from three different stations of Kalpathy River. The present study on Phytoplankton analysis revealed the dominance of chlorophyceae followed by cyanophyceae and bacillariophyceae.
Keywords: Pollution, Kalpathy River, Phytoplanktons.
